A dozen years of paid break-ins. I’d like to say they were difficult. Mostly, someone had left a credential somewhere sensible and it could reach somewhere it shouldn’t, and I followed it. Compromise is usually a reachability problem. The exploit is just the part that gets the conference talk.

I still find the paths. The difference is that I’m now in the room while the system is being designed, which is cheaper for everyone. Most of the work is around the same boundaries: identity, tenants, and now the agents we deliberately hand credentials to.

I co-founded Adversis and Puck. Puck answers a question I used to answer more slowly and at a day rate: from here, what can an attacker actually reach?

There is also a book. No Starch is publishing it, so presumably there will be a robot on the cover.

Nothing new here

Every serious compromise I’ve walked through has had roughly the same plot. Usually no zero-day. A token, service account, browser extension, integration, or forgotten permission could reach more than anyone remembered granting, and the attacker discovered that before the owner did.

The distance between what something is meant to touch and what it can touch is most of the job.

Agents make that more interesting. The thing holding the credential now also reads untrusted text and decides what to do next.

The desktop agent is the new browser, except we appear to be skipping thirty years of hardening lessons and shipping it with prompt injection still unresolved.

That leaves a few problems I keep coming back to: whether grammar-constrained encoding and decoding can make agent output boring enough to trust; what intent-based access control means when the intent arrives as prose; and what happens when both sides automate.

Red teams already operate fleets of agents. The defense worth building is the one that reaches the whole fleet when the first tripwire fires, before the second host gets touched.

The other recurring problem is measurement. The industry can measure less than it pretends to, and a surprising amount of what it sells becomes less convincing once you read the research.

The short list of papers that changed my mind is on the resources page.

Tools

All the tools →

Writing

More →

Now

Fractional CISO for a handful of companies through Adversis. AI security assessments for a few more. Building Puck, which is mostly about answering “are we affected?” from the endpoints instead of from a meeting.

Email noah at this domain. Haikus get read first. Everything else gets read eventually.

Elsewhere

GitHub (@thesubtlety, and @noahpotti) · LinkedIn · Adversis · Puck Security